In addition to this, it covers the advantages and disadvantages of customs unions, including the loss of influence over one's country's trade policy and the possibility of . One advantage of using referendums in the UK is that they allow the general public that are over 18 to approve or disprove essential constitutional changes. Advantages and disadvantages of FPTP system, Advantages and disadvantages of Two-Round System (TRS), Proportional representation related issues, Advantages and disadvantages of Parallel systems, Advantages & Disadvantages of Limited Vote, Electoral System Tiers and Hybrid Systems, Additional Issues Relevant to Post-conflict and Transitional Elections, Electing a President - First Past The Post, Electing a President - Preferential Voting, Electing a President - Distribution Requirements, Elections for Different Tiers of Governance, Electing Federal/State Assemblies and Autonomous Jurisdictions, Design and Political issues of Referendums, Advantages and disadvantages of the citizens initiative instrument, Advantages and disadvantages of the recall instrument, Cost and Administrative Implications of Electoral Systems, Electoral Systems and the Drawing of Electoral Boundaries, Electoral Systems and the Registration of Voters, Electoral Systems and the Design and Production of Ballot Papers, Electoral Systems and Number of Polling Days, Cost and administrative implications - conclusions, Bolivia: Electoral Reform in Latin America, Brazil: Candidate-Centred PR in a Presidential System, British Columbia: Empowered Citizen Participation, Chile: A System Frozen by Elite Interests. Public are given direct control over policy-making, ensuring their views and interests are directly reflected in policy . The word "constitution" is also used to refer to a document that contains, sets out the framework and the principal functions of the organs of government within the state, and declares the principles by which those organs must operate. Ill-informed decisions - the general public are less informed than elected politicians, and have no political . Referendums allow for a single issue to be addressed on its own merits. It is important to note that David Cameron would say that he held the EU Referendum in order to settle a long-standing constitutional issue. First described in 1988 1, the number needed to treat (NNT) can be thought of as the number of patients that need to be treated in order for one to benefit.It provides an attractive means of summarising the results of a clinical trial in a single figure, because . The Scots referendum saw high levels of engagement in complex economic and constitutional issues. Constitutional changes - it is appropriate that constitutional changes be approved by public referendum, as they affect the way the country is governed, so are more important than ordinary laws. A successful referendum is incumbent on the ability to deliver on either of its potential outcomes and the EU Referendum in 2016 did not fulfil this criterion. This was more than a protest against the career opportunities that never knock and the affordable homes that never get built. What might be some of the weaknesses of referendums? This is because although a majority of people voted a certain way, there is usually a very slim margin between this and the other outcome which could be achieved. Referenda provide a clear answer to a question the government might be 'asking'. . They are currently taking the UK Government to the Supreme Court over the refusal of Westminster to countenance a second independence referendum. One is that it weakens representative democracy by undermining the role and importance of elected representatives. 3 reasons why referendums are held. The chaos seen after the Brexit Referendum result can in part be attributed to the failure to adequately plan for both potential scenarios. Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The UK's decision to leave the EU has left everyone wondering how it will affect people associated with business. Referendums have traditionally been a rarity in the UK. (21 Oct 2010), Inappropriate Electoral Systems Executives and legislatures, in their bid to out do the other, have utilized the referendum to secure their political goals. An example of this the Scottish referendum 2014, which saw 55% of the Scottish people vote no to independence. Referendums are limited if the potential outcomes are not prepared for. The idea that Britain would give up their push toward more equality for women seems low, even if a no-deal Brexit ends up happening. An example of a one being used for this function is the 1998 referendum which was utilized to identify whether Blair and the Labour Party should devolve power to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Further to this point, referendums are sometimes seen as a means available to elected representatives to avoid having to take an unpopular position on a controversial issue. On Thursday 23 June 2016 a referendum was held in order to come to a decision if the UK should remain a member of EU and more than 30 million people have voted. The older term for a referendum is a PLEBISCITE . This happened in the Labour Government under Harold Wilson. However, realistically most are politically binding. Vernon Bogdanor argues that just as joining the EU fundamentally altered the UK constitution, so Brexit could, by exposing the very nakedness of Britain's uncodified . There has been a significant reduction in the cost of fibre optic cable installation in recent years, but it still involves a much higher tariff than copper cable. A referendum is a vote given to the public which is determined by the government, and is used to help answer an important political or constitutional question to which the public must vote a simple 'yes' or 'no'. This suggests that referendums are not usually a true rendering of the particular public wants an result to be. It was right to try to get a better deal for us in Europe. This is particularly the case when an amendment to a constitution which itself was approved by referendum is under consideration. In the UK, there is a system of representative democracy called "liberal democracy" - in which the people vote for a government through regular elections with secret ballots and a choice of candidates. The theoretical advantage of flexibility is one that is too easily exploited for self-serving reasons. Most marketers will recommend SEO, based on the . Infamously, on the morning following the EU Referendum in 2016 the second most googled term in Britain was What was the EU?. It is clear that when voting the UK population was not well-educated on Brexit. In fact, research done by the Guardian Newspaper found a 4% difference in voting intention based on the alternative wording of the questions a very significant swing! The main policy of the SNP is a call for an independent Scotland. Now is the time for leadership, not followship. On June 23, 2016, a referendum (public vote) was held in the UK for its withdrawal from the European Union. Referendums are held only at the discretion of the Government. Some of these include: To gain legitimacy for an important political or constitutional decision When controversial political or constitutional decisions need to be made it is useful for representatives to get the direct consent of the electorate. There have been a number of referendums in the UK: For what reasons might referendums be held? (10 Apr 2012), Paramount chieftaincy as a system of local government Renewable Energy. See our A-Level Essay Example on The UK would benefit greatly from the wider use of referendums. Discuss., United Kingdom now at Marked By Teachers. (15 Dec 2016), Examples of 'vote per household' and multi-stage elections at the municipal level In Britain there has been an independent electoral commission since 2001. One advantage of using referendums in the UK is that they allow the general public that are over 18 to approve or disprove essential constitutional changes. However, referendums have become much more commonplace since with both national referendums and a number of very significant regional referendums. This lesson comprises: - a comparison of representative democracy and referendums - a list of UK referendums since 1973 and an accompanying PPT - how we use referendums in the UK - local and national - a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of referendums Referendums are overall a good tool for democracy, as they make constitutional decisions more legitimate and provide a check on government power, however they are vulnerable to ill-informed votes and may be an inadequate method of approving constitutional changes that will have a very large impact. Appointing the official campaign groups for each side of the debate. Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Advantages and Disadvantages of Referendums, Society is more likely to accept the decision. It is entirely at the discretion of the government as to whether or not to hold a referendum. Referendums can undermine representative democracy. . This can be seen in how Boris Johnson tried to approach Brexit upon becoming PM in July 2019 when he was willing (or at least appeared to be willing) to risk a No-Deal Brexit in the name of representing the 52% of the UK who voted to leave. We explore what it means to be human in historical and cultural contexts, within ethical and legal norms and through languages and communication. First, many Fintech firms rely on rolling out services and products across Europe. The relationship between the executive and Parliament, The Powers of the Prime Minister and Cabinet to Dictate Events and Determine Policy, The Influence of the Supreme Court on the Executive, The Comparative Powers of the Commons and Lords. Brexit is a major constitutional change. Representative Democracy (also called indirect democracy) - is where citizens choose others to represent them, making important decisions on their behalf. However, there are also many disadvantages to having referendums . Devolution in Scotland and Wales was presented in 1998 as the bulk of the general public voted yes in regards to wanting more power. There are also a number of arguments made against the use of referendums. It could prove Britain's constitutional moment. Referendums do a good job of raising public awareness of key issues. (2016, May 11). The advantages and disadvantages of different electrical energy sources. One of the major advantages of a written constitution is the fact that it can be easily consulted. Whilst this bestows democratic legitimacy, voters are often not well-equipped to make these decisions. Plebiscite A plebiscite is an advisory referendum. Scottish Devolution 1997 means that it would be extremely hard for a future government to remove their power. The Act's target was for UK emissions to be cut at least 60% by 2050, though the impact assessment also considered a 70% or 80% goal. Subsequently, when Brexit was not immediately forthcoming, led to allegations that Parliament had betrayed the people. To this end, the alternatives that are likely to fit best to the sides' interests will be . Now we have Britain's rejection of the EU. Referendum A general vote by the population on a single issue. A referendum is a vote provided to the general public which is determined by the federal government, and is used to help answer a crucial political or constitutional concern to which the public need to vote a simple 'yes' or 'no'. This is the idea that minority interests are swamped by the power of the democratic majority. Disadvantages of Fibre Optic Cabling. Despite the result, the SNP has become even stronger electorally, culminating in the winning of 56 seats in the __2015 __election. 2. an academic expert within 3 minutes. The main purpose of the article is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Italian referendum tools and particularly the research hypothesis is to demonstrate why the turnout requirement should be abolished waiting for the work in progress people's initiative referendum draft without the participation quorum. The contribute demonstrate in eleven main reasons why the turnout requirement should be abolished: the vote should be free and decisive, meaning that citizens who participate in a referendum . Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. This has happened a number of times, for example the Welsh Legislative Powers Referendum in 2011. A London School of Economics and Political Science report examining the financial impact of Brexit, trade and Scottish independence found that "the costs of independence to the Scottish economy . 2. The Scottish referendum can be seen to have benefited David Cameron as Gordon Brown promised to give Scotland and its own parliament and powers if they voted no, increasing the pressure on Ed Miliband to come through with those promises. Referenda can unite a divided party. So why is this and what might the advantages and disadvantages of referendums be? For example, the Scottish Independent Referendum in 2014 allowed for a robust debate about that issue and was, in the words of then SNP Leader Alex Salmond a once in a generation vote. To honour a political agreement Sometimes holding a referendum may be agreed by political parties as part of another wider agreement being reached. Third, a referendum may be useful to ensure a broad base of political support for a controversial decision, and lock in a choice that will necessitate riding out unpopular consequences during the implementation. The process started on June 23, 2016, after the referendum passed by 51.9% to 48.1%. For example, the EU Withdrawal Act (2018) repealed the European Communities Act (1973). A REFERENDUM is where the electorate vote on a specific question, or questions. The increasing use of referendums in the UK has created a convention that they should be used for major constitutional change or a change to the way in which the UK is governed. In fact, until 1975 there had not been a single nationwide referendum on any political issue. The levels of populism were a key criticism of the EU referendum in 2016 where both sides were accused of poor campaigning and misuse of facts and figures. It is worth noting that in terms of overall population that only 37% of the UK adult population actually voted for Brexit. I really enjoy the effort put in. Answer (1 of 4): The advantage of a referendum is that it is giving direct democratic control to the people. David Cameron undoubtedly promised (at least in part) to hold a referendum to ease the pressure on his party from the right and thereby win back UKIP members into the Conservative fold. Additionally, referendums can be used to educate the public and raise citizens awareness of political issues. Pros and cons of Brexit. (one example of this is the 1975 UK referendum on whether the UK should remain in the EC, an issue over which the ruling Labour government was deeply divided). . View Do the advantages of referendums outweigh the disadvantages from MC 527 at Jackson State University. [ 1] Referendums, by which citizens are given the opportunity to express a view on specific issues, have antecedents in the Middle Ages and earlier. This is unlike an unwritten constitution because a written constitution is contained in one single document. This suggests that referendums are not always a true representation of what the public wants an outcome to be. Referendums do not have a long history in the UK. Referendums can often be hijacked by other issues. (28 Jun 2012), Bonus seats to largest party in Greek election Dont know where to start? Elective Dictatorship A term coined by Lord Hailsham to describe the situation in Britain in which when a government is elected, they can normally govern without much effective scrutiny. (08 Aug 2008), Representation of women in Ukraine List of the Cons of Brexit. Revise the impact of the Brexit referendum of 2016 in which the UK voted to leave the European Union, as part of Bitesize Higher Modern Studies There are three primary reasons why one might consider referendums a good idea. But what is AV and how would it . For more information on this licence see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 . See all Physics resources See all Energy resources . On 23 June 2016, the UK electorate voted to leave the European Union. Primary Legislation Legislation passed having gone through the different stages in Parliament. 5. To confirm a decision taken by a previous Government Sometimes a party will promise a referendum as a position of opposition to the current government. . It highlighted some advantages and disadvantages of putting decisions directly in the hands of citizens. In the view of many, the referendum created more political issues than it solved. First is their intrinsic worth as an exercise in direct democracy. Why is the Brexit Referendum a good case study of some of the issues with Referendums? Referendums allow the people to participate in politics. Soon after, the UK faced high inflation . In the UK holding a referendum has to be legislated for by the Westminster Parliament. people will not respect the decisions that they make themselves. It provides a level of political support for difficult decisions. Another argument for direct democracy being used more widely in the UK is that it prevents the government and MPs making extremely unpopular decisions . A core purpose of referendums is to engage those with relatively low information about the issues, which is to say the general population, in the choice. I failedbut it all flowed from an attempt to do the right thing. As a response to the seeming public mood At times there may be circumstances in which there is a suggestion that the public mood on an issue deserves to be tested. European Communities Act (1972) -The Act of Parliament that saw Britain join the EEC in 1973. Focus. This could be seen as undemocratic as only just over half of the voting populations decision was accounted for. Scots will not be ready for another independence referendum until a stronger economic case is made to break from the UK, according to SNP leadership hopeful Kate Forbes. In November 2009, the Committee began an inquiry into "the role of referendums in the UK's constitutional experience". The first is that a referendum campaign opens the space for actors on either side to portray the choice between the status quo and the proposed change as a false one, and to seduce voters with false promises based on fantasies of what ideal outcome might be delivered as an alternative if voters reject the course elites like party leaders have recommended. AV would end safe seats for life. Direct democracy mechanisms have been adopted, in part, to counteract these tendencies. The Advantages and . Conversely, in the 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum the SNP at least published a White paper to show there were some plans for a potential exit. This led MPs into conflict with their own constituencies and having to deliver on a mandate they had been given that they didnt agree with. Advantages and Disadvantages of Brexit Introduction: This paper discusses about Pros and Cons of Brexit and Impact of Brexit on UK Economy. In democracy it is generally seen that the ministers become corrupt and they favour their relatives and friends. Unreliable views - referendums provide a gauge of public opinion at a given time, therefore being an unreliable guide to public interest and an inappropriate means of approving constitutional decisions that will have far-reaching, long-term implications. The scenario changed since 2013 when the British Prime Minister David Cameron put forward the plan of holding a referendum on continuation of their membership with European Union. This is because electors lack the expertise to vote on complicated issues like Brexit. Arguably, this makes the UK more democratic as the general public have a direct say on the decisions that the government makes and although they are not lawfully binding, they successfully require the federal government and parliament to adhere to the publics outcome. Because referendums are often held on complex issues, it is easy for populism to take hold. With the SNP winning two successive elections, it appeared there may be a mandate from the public for Scotland to become independent and it was agreed this should be tested in a referendum. Do the advantages of referendums outweigh the disadvantages? , Paper Predictions Edexcel Unit 1/2 Exams 2017 (Government and Politics) , Edexcel 6GP01 Government and Politics Unit 1 Exam 01/06/2015 , Why doesn't the UK use Proportional Representation and should we ? Brexit was . Referendums can challenge parliamentary sovereignty and representative democracy. However, experts in Switzerland (where a number of direct democracy votes take place each year) believe that, although turnout at referendums is around 45%, more than 45% of electors participate in direct democracy, since different voters participate in the different votes that interest them. Seats where one party regularly scores more than 50 per cent of the vote (210 seats . First Past the Post does not give equal voting power across the UK. Equality Feminism and Difference Feminism, Differing Views and Tensions Within Feminism, Differing Views and Tensions Within Liberalism, Measurements of Success Through Pressure Groups, Differing Views and Tensions Within Socialism, Differing Views and Tensions Within Conservatism, Public are given direct control over policy-making, ensuring their views and interests are directly reflected in policy, Helps to educate the public about important political questions, as they will be better-informed about key issues through referendum campaigns, Makes the government listen to the public more, as it is another way of voters communicating their thoughts other than just through elections, Provides a check on government power- governments dont control the outcome, Ensures that major changes (e.g. Included among those shocked was, apparently, the Nobel Peace Prize committee, which had prematurely rewarded president Santos with its 2016 prize. However, a clause in the bill said that 40% of the whole electorate had to vote yes and only 32.8% did so, Whether Britain should remain or leave the EEC, 67.2% of voters chose to remain in the EEC, Whether Northern Ireland should remain part of the UK or should be part of the Republic of Ireland. Brexit is the abbreviation of "Britain Exit," which refers to the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union. However, referendums counteract this problem. A referendum is a popular vote on a single issue. There is also an argument that governments . Whilst they are an example of direct democracy and put power in the hands of voters, there are a number of arguments to suggest that their operation should be limited and that they do more harm than good to British politics. Government plans to build a network of 10 freeports after the end of the Brexit transition period are unlikely to have any material impact on the UK economy because duty savings are so small as to . 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